
Health alert
- Status:
- Active
- Alert number:
- 250618
- Date issued:
- 17 Jun 2025
- Issued by:
- Dr Evelyn Wong, Chief Health Officer
- Issued to:
- Health professionals and the Victorian community
Key messages
- A new measles case has been reported in Victoria in an infant who acquired their infection overseas. There is an ongoing risk of measles importation in Victoria in travellers returning from overseas.
- New public exposure sites have been listed including Sunshine Hospital Emergency Department, and Joan Kirner Women’s and Children’s Hospital Level 6. People who have visited any of the listed exposure sites during the dates and times specified should monitor for symptoms of measles and follow the instructions below.
- Measles is a highly infectious disease and can cause serious illness.
- Vaccination is the best way to protect yourself and others.
- Two doses of measles-containing vaccine are required for immunity.
- If you were born during or after 1966 and haven’t had two doses, or you don’t know, get vaccinated.
- Free MMR vaccine is available under the National Immunisation Program and state-funded MMR program. The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is widely available at general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacies. No Medicare card is required to get a state funded MMR vaccine.
- Anyone planning to go overseas should make sure their routine vaccinations are up to date, including the MMR vaccine. Any overseas travel could lead to exposure to measles. Vaccination is recommended at least two weeks before departure.
- Infants from 6 months and before 11 months of age can receive a state-funded dose of MMR vaccine prior to overseas travel to measles endemic countries or where outbreaks are occurring.
- Healthcare professionals should be alert for measles in any patients with fever and rash, irrespective of travel history.
- Clinicians should test, isolate and notify suspected measles cases immediately. Call the Department of Health and you will be put through to your Local Public Health Unit (1300 651 160).
- Offer the MMR vaccine to anyone without documented evidence of two doses.
What is the issue?
A new case of measles has been reported in Victoria, acquired during travel overseas. There is an ongoing risk of measles being imported into Victoria by travellers returning from overseas or interstate. There have been significantly more cases than usual in Victoria this year, including a considerable number that have acquired their infection locally in Victoria.
Measles is a highly infectious disease that can lead to uncommon but serious complications, such as pneumonia and brain inflammation (encephalitis).
Measles vaccination coverage rates in Australia, while comparatively high, have declined to below the 95% national target since the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of recent cases have arisen in people who have not had two documented doses of the MMR vaccine.
Global case numbers of measles are rising, and any overseas travel could lead to exposure to measles. There are currently outbreaks reported in multiple countries and regions, including Pakistan, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Africa, Europe and the United Kingdom (UK), the Middle East, and North America.
A number of populations in Victoria are susceptible to measles, including anyone who is unvaccinated or under-vaccinated. This includes infants under 12 months of age, and adults who were born between 1966 and 1992 who may not have received two MMR vaccines in childhood. Immunocompromised people may also be susceptible and should seek advice from their regular doctor.
See the list of active public exposure sites in Victoria for recent case.
Anyone who has attended a listed exposure site during the specified times above should monitor for symptoms and seek medical care if symptoms develop for up to 18 days after the exposure, and follow the recommendations below.
In addition, anyone who presents with signs and symptoms compatible with measles should be tested and notified to the Department of Health immediately. There should be an especially high level of suspicion if they have travelled overseas or visited any of the sites listed above and are unvaccinated or partially vaccinated for measles.
Who is at risk?
Anyone born during or since 1966 who does not have documented evidence of having received two doses of a measles-containing vaccine, or does not have documented evidence of immunity, is at risk of measles. This is also known as being susceptible to measles.
Unvaccinated infants are at particularly high risk of contracting measles. Victorians born between 1966 and 1992 may not have received two doses of vaccine, which are required to provide immunity.
Young infants, pregnant women and people with a weakened immune system are at increased risk of serious complications from measles.
Symptoms and transmission
Symptoms of measles include fever, cough, sore or red eyes (conjunctivitis), runny nose, and feeling generally unwell, followed by a red maculopapular rash. The rash usually starts on the face before spreading down the body. Symptoms can develop between 7 to 18 days after exposure.
Initial symptoms of measles may be similar to those of COVID-19 and influenza. If a symptomatic person tests negative for COVID-19 and/or influenza but develops a rash, they should be advised to continue isolating and be tested for measles.
People with measles are considered infectious from 24 hours prior to the onset of initial symptoms until 4 days after the rash appears. Measles is highly infectious and can spread through airborne droplets or contact with nose or throat secretions, as well as contaminated surfaces and objects. The measles virus can stay in the environment for up to 2 hours.
Figures: Example of a typical measles rash
Recommendations
For the general public
- Anyone who has attended a listed exposure site during the specified date and time should monitor for symptoms and seek medical care if symptoms develop for up to 18 days after the exposure.
- Anyone who attended a listed exposure site and is not fully vaccinated for measles may be eligible to receive the MMR vaccine if they present within 72 hours (3 days) of exposure. Anyone who is immunocompromised or pregnant and not fully vaccinated for measles should seek medical review if within 6 days of exposure to a measles case.
- Anyone who develops symptoms of measles should seek medical care and testing for measles. Call the health service beforehand to advise that you may have been exposed to measles and wear a face mask.
- Vaccination is the best way to protect yourself and others. Check if you’re protected against measles today. If you haven’t had two doses, or you don’t know, visit your GP or pharmacy for a catch-up MMR vaccine.
- The MMR vaccine is free for all Victorians born during or since 1966. Vaccination is available from a wide range of immunisation providers in Victoria including GPs, pharmacies, local councils, Aboriginal Health Services.
- There are growing measles outbreaks around the world, and anyone travelling should make sure they have received appropriate travel vaccinations, including the MMR vaccine. Vaccination is recommended at least two weeks before departure.
For health professionals
- For persons who have attended an exposure site, offer MMR vaccine within 72 hours of measles exposure to prevent illness. Normal human immunoglobulin (NHIG) within 6 days may be suitable for young infants, pregnant or immunocompromised people who are not fully vaccinated.
- Be alert for measles in patients with fever, cough, conjunctivitis and rash, especially if unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, or unsure of MMR status.
- Anyone who presents with signs and symptoms compatible with measles should be tested, isolated and notified to the Department of Health immediately, by calling 1300 651 160 and connecting to the relevant Local Public Health Unit.
- Test for measles via PCR and serology in any patients with compatible symptoms. Label PCR samples as ‘urgent’ and sent to VIDRL via your primary pathology provider.
- Minimise the risk of measles transmission within your practice/department/community:
- avoid keeping patients with fever and rash in shared waiting areas (send to a separate room).
- if measles is suspected, give the patient a single use, fitted face mask and isolate under airborne precautions until a measles diagnosis can be excluded.
- leave all rooms that were used to assess the suspected case vacant for at least 30 minutes after the consultation.
- if returning home, patients should isolate at home until test results are available.
- Ensure on time vaccination for infants under the National Immunisation Program, at 12 months of age MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) and 18 months of age MMRV (measles-mumps-rubella-varicella).
- Offer a state-funded MMR vaccine to infants from 6 months of age who are travelling overseas. Infants who receive an MMR dose prior to 11 months will still need to receive two further doses at 12 and 18 months.
- Offer state-funded MMR vaccine to people born during or after 1966 who do not have documented evidence of receiving two doses of a measles-containing vaccine or documented evidence of immunity. No Medicare card is required for state-funded MMR vaccine.
- Serology is not required before vaccinating.
- Refer to the Australian Immunisation Handbook for further guidance on immunisation.
Reviewed 23 June 2025