Mycobacterium ulcerans - The facts
Page contents: How long we have known of it | Origins | Where it occurs in Victoria | Incubation period | How it spreads | Further information
How long have we known about M. ulcerans?
In Australia it was first diagnosed in the Bairnsdale area of East Gippsland where an outbreak of 120 cases occurred in the 1940’s and became known as "Bairnsdale Ulcer".
It has also been found in far north Queensland (Daintree region) but is most common in West Africa where thousands of cases have been recorded. All countries along the Gulf of Guinea are affected. There it is known as Buruli Ulcer.
Where does M. ulcerans come from?
The bacterium is thought to live in the environment and is believed to require particular conditions of soil and water to exist. The one consistent environmental association with the disease has been stagnant, recently dammed, or slow running water. Infection appears to be associated with the proximity of still water, muddy water, mangroves, swamps, recycled irrigation, or soil.
Natural infections identical to those in humans have been observed in Australia in koalas, ringtail possums and in a captive alpaca.
Where does M. ulcerans occur in Victoria?
The bacterium was first diagnosed in the Bairnsdale area of East Gippsland and cases have recently been identified in this area again after not being seen for several years. Cases have also been reported from the Mornington Peninsula area, from Western Port and Phillip Island (largest outbreak – 1992-1994), and from the Bellarine Peninsula.
What is the incubation period for Mycobacterium Ulcerans?
The incubation period is not known but is thought to be around 2 months.
How is M. ulcerans spread?
The mode of transmission is uncertain, but persons with cuts, wounds, splinters or even a needle prick on the skin are at increased risk of becoming infected. Researchers have concluded that M. ulcerans cannot by itself penetrate the skin.
Further information
For further information contact the Communicable Diseases section or visit the Mycobacterium Ulcerans website
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